Near-Earth Laser Communications (Optical Science and Engineering)

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Add a review and share your thoughts with other readers. Similar Items Related Subjects: Free space optical interconnects. Linked Data More info about Linked Data. Home About Help Search. Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions. The device allowed for the transmission of sound on a beam of light. Its first practical use came in military communication systems many decades later, first for optical telegraphy.

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Optical telephone communications were tested at the end of the war, but not introduced at troop level. A major technological step was to replace the Morse code by modulating optical waves in speech transmission. The invention of lasers in the s, revolutionized free space optics. Military organizations were particularly interested and boosted their development.

However the technology lost market momentum when the installation of optical fiber networks for civilian uses was at its peak. Many simple and inexpensive consumer remote controls use low-speed communication using infrared IR light. This is known as consumer IR technologies. Free-space point-to-point optical links can be implemented using infrared laser light, although low-data-rate communication over short distances is possible using LEDs.

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Infrared Data Association IrDA technology is a very simple form of free-space optical communications. On the communications side the FSO technology is considered as a part of the optical wireless communications applications.

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Free-space optics can be used for communications between spacecraft. The reliability of FSO units has always been a problem for commercial telecommunications. Consistently, studies find too many dropped packets and signal errors over small ranges to meters. This is from both independent studies, such as in the Czech republic, [10] as well as formal internal nationwide studies, such as one conducted by MRV FSO staff.

The main reason terrestrial communications have been limited to non-commercial telecommunications functions is fog. Fog consistently keeps FSO laser links over meters from achieving a year-round bit error rate of 1 per , Several entities are continually attempting to overcome these key disadvantages to FSO communications and field a system with a better quality of service. Other non-government groups are fielding tests to evaluate different technologies that some claim have the ability to address key FSO adoption challenges.

As of October [update] , none have fielded a working system that addresses the most common atmospheric events. All four failed to deliver products that would meet telecommunications quality and distance standards: One private company published a paper on November 20, , claiming they had achieved commercial reliability There is no indication this product is currently commercially available.

The massive advantages of laser communication in space have multiple space agencies racing to develop a stable space communication platform, with many significant demonstrations and achievements.

The system is operational and is being used on a daily basis. Their system is also able to re-acquire tracking after the signal was lost due to cloud cover. To compensate for atmospheric interference, an error correction code algorithm similar to that used in CDs was implemented. A two-way distance record for communication was set by the Mercury laser altimeter instrument aboard the MESSENGER spacecraft, and was able to communicate across a distance of 24 million km 15 million miles , as the craft neared Earth on a fly-by in May, The previous record had been set with a one-way detection of laser light from Earth, by the Galileo probe, of 6 million km in Various planned satellite constellations such as SpaceX's Starlink intended to provide global broadband coverage employ laser communication for inter-satellite links between the several hundred to thousand satellites effectively creating a space-based optical mesh network.

Amateur radio operators have achieved significantly farther distances using incoherent sources of light from high-intensity LEDs. Invented more than a hundred years ago by Alexander Graham Bell, the technology of free-space optical communications, or lasercom, has finally reached the level of maturity required to meet a growing demand for operational multi-giga-bit-per-second data rate systems communicating to and from aircrafts and satellites.

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Putting the emphasis on near-earth links, including air, LEO, MEO, and GEO orbits, Near-Earth Laser Communications presents a summary of important free-space laser communication subsystem challenges and discusses potential ways to overcome them. This comprehensive reference provides up-to-date information on component and subsystem technologies, fundamental limitations, and approaches to reach those limits.

It covers basic concepts and state-of-the-art technologies, emphasizing device technology, implementation techniques, and system trades. The authors discuss hardware technologies and their applications, and also explore ongoing research activities and those planned for the near future. The analytical aspects of laser communication have been covered to a great extent in several books.

Near-Earth Laser Communications (Electronic book text)

However, a detailed approach to system design and development, including trades on subsystem choices and implications of the hardware selection for satellite and aircraft telecommunications, is missing. Toyoshima Pointing, Acquisition, and Tracking, R. Coherent and Direct Detections, K. Hemmati Flight Optomechanical Assembly, H. Hamkins Photodetectors and Receivers, W.

Winzer Atmospheric Channel, S. Piazzolla Optical Ground Station: