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Revolution and Counter-Revolution or, Germany in 1848

Thus the national assembly backed down in the face of Prussia. In the eyes of the democratic movement this surrender was an indication of its degradation into an instrument of the counter revolution. In the popular movement of September democratic, anti-Prussian, and national political demands became intertwined with the social complaints and aspirations.

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In large regions of Germany, such as Silesia, Saxony, and Bavaria, the attempts of the landowners to collect the levies and taxes denied to them since March set off new unrest among the rural population. In the Saxon town if Chemnitz a protest movement by workers on September 12 turned into an attempted revolt. A mass demonstration in Neustrelitz forced the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to dismiss his reactionary ministers. Due to the turmoil in wide regions of Thuringia, the Reich ministry delegated a commissioner to act with Saxon, Bavarian and Hanoverian military.

Revolution and Counter-Revolution or Germany in : Friedrich Engels :

The left-liberal member of the Prussian constituent assembly, Hans Victor von Unruh, described the situation on September 7 pointedly with the following words: At a meeting at Worringen in the Rhineland on September 10 attended by more than 10, people and elsewhere,the call for a "democratic-social" or "Red Republic" was heard. The armed popular uprising in Frankfurt am Main on September 18 was an major event in the September crisis.

On September 18 an unarmed crowd of people wanted to enter the St. Pauls Church, the conference hall of the national assembly, in order to gain its attention. The Prussian and Austrian troops, which were called in by the Reich ministry from the nearby fortress Mainz, attacked the crowd, inciting a street battle which went on for several hours. Workers and gymnasts Turners of Frankfurt who were supported by democrats from Offenbach and Hanau entrenched themselves in the old part of the town behind some 40 barricades and armed themselves when they stormed the armory.

Part of the town militia of Frankfurt stood on their side. But the aproximately thousand participants in the armed uprising were unable to withstand the superior strength of the military.

A state of siege was imposed on the town. By the end of September an attempt at revolt was also made by petty-bourgeoisie democrats. Landed property of the state, the church, and the reactionary great landowners were to be transferred to the communes.


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The uprising, which was only supported by several columns of volunteers and militia, began to break down in the first clash with regular government troops of Baden. The E-mail message field is required.


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Revolution and Counter-revolution; Or, Germany in 1848

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