Climate and health resorts (1885)

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The E-mail message field is required. Please enter the message. Please verify that you are not a robot. Would you also like to submit a review for this item? The development of the beach as a popular leisure resort from the midth century was the first manifestation of what is now the global tourist industry. The first seaside resorts were opened in the 18th century for the aristocracy, who began to frequent the seaside as well as the then fashionable spa towns, for recreation and health.

In , Heiligendamm in Mecklenburg , Germany was founded as the first seaside resort of the European continent, which successfully attracted Europe's aristocracy to the Baltic Sea. The opening of the resort in Brighton and its reception of royal patronage from King George IV extended the seaside as a resort for health and pleasure to the much larger London market, and the beach became a centre for upper-class pleasure and frivolity.

This trend was praised and artistically elevated by the new romantic ideal of the picturesque landscape; Jane Austen 's unfinished novel Sanditon is an example of that. Later, Queen Victoria 's long-standing patronage of the Isle of Wight and Ramsgate in Kent ensured that a seaside residence was considered as a highly fashionable possession for those wealthy enough to afford more than one home. The extension of this form of leisure to the middle and working class began with the development of the railways in the s, which offered cheap and affordable fares to fast growing resort towns.

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In particular, the completion of a branch line to the small seaside town Blackpool from Poulton led to a sustained economic and demographic boom. A sudden influx of visitors arriving by rail provided the motivation for entrepreneurs to build accommodation and create new attractions, leading to more visitors and a rapid cycle of growth throughout the s and s. The growth was intensified by the practice among the Lancashire cotton mill owners of closing the factories for a week every year to service and repair machinery.

These became known as wakes weeks. Each town's mills would close for a different week, allowing Blackpool to manage a steady and reliable stream of visitors over a prolonged period in the summer. A prominent feature of the resort was the promenade and the pleasure piers , where an eclectic variety of performances vied for the people's attention. In , the North Pier in Blackpool was completed, rapidly becoming a centre of attraction for elite visitors.

Central Pier was completed in , with a theatre and a large open-air dance floor. Many popular beach resorts were equipped with bathing machines because even the all-covering beachwear of the period was considered immodest. By the end of the century the English coastline had over large resort towns, some with populations exceeding 50, The development of the seaside resort abroad was stimulated by the well developed English love of the beach. The French Riviera alongside the Mediterranean had already become a popular destination for the British upper class by the end of the 18th century.

In , the first railway to Nice was completed, making the Riviera accessible to visitors from all over Europe. By , residents of foreign enclaves in Nice, most of whom were British, numbered 25, In the United States, early seaside resorts in the late s catered to the wealthy class and city businessmen. Cape May , New Jersey became one of the first coastal resorts in the United States, when regular steamboat traffic on the Delaware River began after the War of By , Henry Flagler extended several rail lines southward down the Atlantic coastline of the United States, enticing the northern upper-class families south to subtropical Florida.

Augustine in greater numbers, and by Flagler began construction of two large ornate hotels in St. Continental European attitudes towards gambling and nudity tended to be more lax than in Britain, and British and French entrepreneurs were quick to exploit the possibilities. The place was renamed Monte Carlo. Commercial seabathing also spread to other areas of the United States and parts of the British Empire such as Australia , where surfing became popular in the early 20th century.

By the s cheap and affordable air travel was the catalyst for the growth of a truly global tourism market. Recreational fishing and leisure boat pursuits have recently become very lucrative, and traditional fishing villages are often well positioned to take advantage of this. For example, Destin , on the coast of Florida , has evolved from an artisanal fishing village into a seaside resort dedicated to tourism with a large fishing fleet of recreational charter boats.

Seasideness is the distinct sense of place, or genius loci, associated with seaside resorts and as experienced by visitors to these coastal destinations. Seasideness can be traced back to research by a British academic, David Jarratt, and is summarised in Jarratt's peer-reviewed journal article entitled 'Sense of place at a British coastal resort: Exploring seasideness in Morecambe'. Nevertheless, a connection with the sea lies at this heart of seasideness, and anecdotally it appears to be something shared by modern societies; it is a common theme in literature and the arts.

The case-study centred on Morecambe, a once popular Lancastrian resort on the North-West coast of England, which saw a dramatic decline in visitor numbers in the late 20th century and regeneration at the start of the 21st century. One could argue that such resorts, like any destination, need to understand the motivation and experiences of visitors and this is one way in which an understanding of seasideness may be useful.

There are many seaside resorts on the jagged coastline of Croatia, including several on its islands, which have been popular for many years. With three long coastlines, France has many seaside resorts on its various coasts; for specific towns in each region, see the following articles:.

Germany is famous for its traditional seaside resorts on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea coasts, mainly established in the 19th century. In German they are called Seebad "Sea Spa" or Seeheilbad , sometimes with Ostsee- or Nordsee- as prefixes for the respective coastline.

The most prestigious resorts can be found along the Baltic coastline, including the islands of Rugia and Usedom. They often feature a unique architectural style called resort architecture. The coast of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania alone has an overall length of km [17] and is nicknamed German Riviera. Selection of German seaside resorts along the Baltic Sea coastline:.

Greece, renowned as a summer destination, features a large amount of seaside resorts. Some of them are listed below:. Youghal has been a favoured holiday destination for over years, situated on the banks of the River Blackwater as it reaches the sea. Youghal is well known for its beaches, having been, until , the only town in the Republic of Ireland with two beaches awarded E. Dungarvan is a seaside market town beneath the mountains in the centre of the Irish south coast. Kinsale is often described as a food lover's and yachting town, with a diverse range of restaurants, as well as a large and active creative community with numerous art galleries and record and book shops.

Seaside resorts in the East of Ireland developed after the introduction of rail travel. Other South Dublin towns and villages such as Sandycove , Dalkey and Killiney grew as seaside resorts when the rail network was expanded. The town of Greystones , five miles south of Bray , also grew as a seaside resort when the railway line was extended in Ulster has a number of seaside resorts, such as Portrush , situated on the north coast, with its two beaches and a world-famous golf course, Royal Portrush Golf Club.

Bangor Marina is one of the largest in Ireland and the marina has on occasion been awarded the Blue Flag for attention to environmental issues. The main seaside towns in the west of Ireland are in Clare ; the largest are Lahinch and Kilkee. Lahinch is a popular surfing location. Like British resorts, many seaside towns in Ireland have turned to other entertainment industries. Larger resorts such as Bray or Portrush host air shows , while most resorts host summer festivals. Israel is a major tourist area.

Tourism in Israel is one of the major sources of income, with beautiful beaches, such as those found on the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Most tourists come from the United States and European countries. Italy is known for its seaside resorts, visited both by Italian and North European tourists. Many of these resorts have a history of tourism which dates back to the 19th century. Many seaside resorts are located in Honshu , Shikoku , and Kyushu. The following are the main resort towns in Malta: Mexican resorts are popular with many North American residents, with Mexico being the second most visited country in the Americas.

Notable resorts on the mainland and Baja Gold Coast and Peninsula include:. The resorts have become more popular since the s, following the return of democracy to Poland. Many European and world tourists visit Portuguese resorts, particularly those on the Algarve. The Romanian Black Sea resorts stretch from the Danube Delta in the north down to the Romanian-Bulgarian border in the south, along kilometers of coastline. Spanish resorts are popular with many European and world residents. Notable resorts on the mainland and islands include:. The United Kingdom saw the popularisation of seaside resorts , and nowhere was this more seen than in Blackpool.

Blackpool catered for workers from across industrial Northern England , who packed its beaches and promenade.

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Other northern towns for example Bridlington , Cleethorpes , Morecambe , Scarborough , Skegness , and Southport shared in the success of this new concept, especially from trade during wakes weeks. The concept spread rapidly to other British coastal towns including several on the coast of North Wales , notably Rhyl , and Llandudno , the largest resort in Wales and known as "The Queen of the Welsh Resorts", from as early as Another area notable for its seaside resorts was and is the Firth of Clyde , outside Glasgow. Glaswegians would take a ferry "doon the watter" from the city, down the River Clyde to the islands and peninsulas of the Firth of Clyde, such as Cowal , Bute , Arran , and Kintyre.

In contrast to the fates of many resorts, many from the Firth of Clyde have continued to enjoy prosperity thanks to their becoming middle-class commuter towns. Some resorts, especially those more southerly such as Bournemouth and Brighton , were built as new towns or extended by local landowners to appeal to wealthier holidaymakers.

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Others came about due to their proximity to large urban areas of population, such as Southend-on-sea , which became increasingly popular with residents of London once rail links were established to it allowing day trips from the City. The sunshine and sea air were seen by Victorians as beneficial for health, [26] and resorts such as Ventnor owed their growth to a visit being considered as treatment for chest complaints.

Owing to its generally better climate, the south coast has many seaside towns, the most being in Sussex. From the last quarter of the twentieth century, the popularity of the British seaside resort has declined for the same reason that it first flourished: The greater accessibility of foreign holiday destinations, through package holidays and, more recently, European low-cost airlines , affords people the freedom to holiday abroad. Despite the loyalty of returning holidaymakers, resorts such as Blackpool have struggled to compete against the favorable weather of Southern Europe and the sunbelt in the United States.

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Now, many symbols of the traditional British resort holiday camps , end-of-the-pier shows and saucy postcards are regarded by some as drab and outdated; the skies are imagined to be overcast and the beach windswept. This is not always true; for example Broadstairs in Kent has retained much of its old world charm with Punch and Judy and donkey rides and still remains popular being only one hour from the M