Theophanu - Eine oströmische Prinzessin als weströmische Kaiserin (German Edition)

Althoff remarks this as unusual, seeing that kings or emperors in the middle ages rarely shared such a large beacon of empirical power with nobility. Due to illness beginning in , Theophanu eventually died at Nijmegen and was buried in the Church of St. Pantaleon near her wittum in Cologne in The chronicler Thietmar eulogized her as follows: In this way she protected with male vigilance the royal power for her son, friendly with all those who were honest, but with terrifying superiority against rebels. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about an Empress. It is not to be confused with her granddaughter Theophanu , Abbess of Essen Abbey from — For other Byzantine Empresses named Theophano, see Theophano disambiguation. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

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Communication and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries. The Birth of the West: Rome, Germany, France, and the creation of Europe in the tenth century. Institutio monialis , c. Davids , pp. Pennsylvania State University Press. Retrieved from " https: Byzantine queens consort Ottonian dynasty Holy Roman Empresses Italian queens consort German queens consort Regents 10th-century women rulers People from Constantinople Skleros family births deaths 10th-century German people 10th-century German women 10th-century Byzantine people 10th-century Byzantine women.

Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. This page was last edited on 3 November , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Statue at St Dionysius Church, Eschwege. The cross, which is also called the "second cross of Mathilde", forms part of a group along with the Cross of Otto and Mathilde or "first cross of Mathilde" from late in the preceding century, a third cross, sometimes called the Senkschmelz Cross, and the Cross of Theophanu from her period as abbess.

Adelheid von Burgund; Italian: She was regent of the Holy Roman Empire as the guardian of her grandson in Their daughter, Emma of Italy, was born about Theophanu-Kreuz is one of four Ottonian processional crosses in the Essen Cathedral Treasury and is among the most significant pieces of goldwork from that period.

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It was gifted by Theophanu, Abbess of Essen, who reigned from to Description The basic form is that of a Latin cross with a lump of Egyptian quartz mounted at its centre, On the edges there is an inscription, originally worked in gilt silver, but now largely lost, which identifies Theophanu as the Stifter donor. From the fragments a portion, at least, of the text can be reconstructed: The ends of the cross are formed by rectangular sections with rounded inner corners.

At the centre on the front, there is a large, oval quartz cryst The Holy Roman Empire Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium; German: The title continued in the Carolingian family until and from to , after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in The title was revived again in when Otto I was crowned emperor, fashioning Life Shortly after her birth, Matilda was sent to Essen Abbey, where her older cousin Mathilde was abbess, Matilda was educated here.

However, Matilda lived a different life from her two sisters, she was to marry Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia. The family gave the couple large gifts to secure an adequate standard of living. The Empress Theophanu had consented to the marriage. Ezzo then took Matilda out of the Abbey where she had lived. However, Abbess Mathilde had vainly refused to surrender the girl. Later romantic embellishments e Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in , at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in to secure his succession to the throne.

His father also arranged for Otto II to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, who would be his wife until his death. When his father died after a year reign, the eighteen-year-old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Early in his reign, Otto II defeated a major revolt against his rule from other members of the Ottonian dyn The title was, almost without interruption, held in conjunction with the rule of the Kingdom of Germany.

The Holy Roman Emperor was widely perceived to rule by divine right, though he often contradicted or rivaled the Pope, most notably during the Investiture controversy.

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In theory, the Holy Roman Emperor was primus inter pares first among equals among other Catholic monarchs. In practice, a Holy Roman Emperor was only as strong as his army and alliances, including marriage alliances, made him. Throughout its history, the position was viewed as a defender of the Roman Kallek or is the Eighth city district or Stadtbezirk of Cologne, Germany. Kalk was merged into the city of Cologne in , the district was formed in History Subdivisions Kalk consists of nine Stadtteile city parts: As granddaughter of Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great she was a member of the Liudolfing dynasty and became one of the most important abbesses in the history of Essen.

She was responsible for the abbey, for its buildings, its precious relics, liturgical vessels and manuscripts, its political contacts, and for commissioning translations and overseeing education. In the unreliable list of Essen Abbesses from , she is listed as the second Abbess Mathilde and as a result, she is sometimes called "Mathilde II" to distinguish her from the earlier abbess of the same name, who is meant to have governed Essen Abbey from to but whose existence is disputed. Concerning the history of Essen Abbey from to there exist only some twenty documents in total, not one of which is a contemporary chronicle or biography.

The document was prepared by Otto II and exemplifies an instance of political and cultural contact between the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. It serves as an example of Ottonian Renaissance art, and the calligraphy of the manuscript has led it to be regarded as one of the most beautiful diplomatic documents of the Middle Ages. Charlemagne's imperial coronation in put strain on Western relations with the Byzantine Empire ruled from Constantinople.

The elective dignity of Holy Roman Emperor was restricted to males only, therefore there was never a Holy Roman Empress regnant, though women such as Theophanu and Maria Theresa of Austria, who controlled the power of rule, served as de facto Empresses regnant. Holy Roman Empresses Before , the title of Emperor was not always associated with the German Kingdom; rather, it was initially associated with the Carolingian dynasty, and then possessed by several other figures of the 9th and 10th centuries. Their consorts were thus Empresses, but not necessarily German Queens.

The Curmsun Disc, obverse Curmsun Disc is a concave gold disc of a weight of The Danish Viking king Harald Bluetooth is mentioned in the inscription of the disc. This location is just east of the bank of the river Dievenow and near the place where the semi-legendary Viking stronghold of Jomsborg stood between the 's and The entrance to the crypt was accidentally discovered by 12 year old according to Swedish archaeologist Sven Rosborn Heinrich Boldt who was playing with some younger children at a construction site near the ruined chapel.

Heinrich immigrated to the Uni Her father used her as security for a truce with Hugh Capet, whom she married in They were proclaimed at Senlis and blessed at Noyon. They were the founders of the Capetian dynasty of France. Hugh apparently trusted in her judgement and allowed her to take part in government: Hedwig, Countess of Mons or Hadevide, or Avoise c.

Sophia I September [1] — 30 January , a member of the royal Ottonian dynasty, was Abbess of Gandersheim from , and from also Abbess of Essen. She may have been the first surviving daughter, born in , though other sources indicate that her sister Adelaide, born , was in fact the eldest. Sophia is first documented in a deed of donation, when her father entrusted her education to his first cousin, Abbess Gerberga II of Gandersheim.

Sophia was raised and educated in the Gandersheim Abbey to become abbess since childhood. He spent most of his life in exile in the Kingdom of Hungary following the defeat of his father by Canute the Great. Return On hearing the news of his being alive, Edward the Confessor recalled him to England in and made him his heir. Edward offered the last chance of an undisputed succession within the Saxon royal ho Theophania Greek for "Manifestation of God" or "Epiphany" may refer to: Theophania "On Divine Manifestation" , a c. Depiction of the Ottonian family tree in a 13th-century manuscript of the Chronica sancti Pantaleonis.

The Ottonian dynasty German: It is also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin in the German stem duchy of Saxony. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings Liudolfinger , after its earliest known member Count Liudolf d. The Ottonian rulers were successors of the Germanic king Conrad I who was the only Germanic king to rule in East Francia after the Carolingian dynasty and before this dynasty. His ancestors probably acted as ministeriales in the Saxon stem duchy, As brother-in-law of Emperor Otto III, father of Queen Richeza of Poland and several other illustrious children, he was one of the most important figures of the Rhenish history of his time.

He was sent as a child to be educated by Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg episcopate — , a relative of his mother. Nothing is known about his youth.

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The marriage was expressly consented by the Dowager Empress Theophanu, probably to rally the powerful family of Ezzo to the throne. Matilda received as dowry out of Ottonian possessions lands in Thuringia and in the Duchy of Francon She was educated in Quedlinburg Abbey by her paternal aunt, Abbess Matilda. While Matilda and Theophanu stayed at the Italian court of Pavia in , the young girl was abducted by the forces of her quarrelling uncle Duke Henry II of Bavaria in and held in custody by his henchman, the Billung count Egbert the One-Eyed. Soon after, however, she was released by loyal Saxon troops.

In October Adelaide became a canoness in Quedlinburg. When Abbess Matilda died on 7 February , she was elected her su In a series of letters sent to Empress Theophanu, Emma's sister-in-law and consort of the Holy Roman Empire, Adalbero expressed loyalty on behalf of himself, Queen Emma, and her son Louis V [3] Adalbero's lord at the time. It was Otto I who had named Adalbero Archbishop, along with the other clergy members who were given their positions by the Emperor and is why Adalbero had felt such loyalty towards them.

However, not all clergy felt the same way, and so they created a political party to oppose Queen Emma in the Frankish courts, one whose goal was to reinstate the policies of Lothair I and expand the Frankish kingdom eastward, to gain the territory of Lorraine It is a wooden core covered with sheets of thin gold leaf. The piece is part of the treasury of Essen Cathedral, formerly the church of Essen Abbey, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and is kept on display at the cathedral. Dated around the year , it is both the oldest known sculpture of the Madonna and the oldest free-standing medieval sculpture north of the Alps,[1] and is also one of the few major works of art to survive from Ottonian times.

To this day it remains an object of veneration and symbol of identity for the population of the Ruhr Area. It is the only full-length survival from what appears to have been a common form of statue among the wealthiest churches and abbeys of 10th and 11th century Northern Europe; some of these were life-size, especially figures of the Crucifixion. Date of origin The statue is dated around the year and was thus created during the tenure of Mathild Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, who was purple-born, in a carved ivory Traditionally, born in the purple[1] was a category of members of royal families born during the reign of their parent.

This notion was later loosely expanded to include all children born of prominent or high-ranking parents. A child born before the parents become prominent would not be "born in the purple". This color purple came to refer to Tyrian purple, restricted by law, custom, and the expense of creating it to royalty. The city of Lund in Sweden is founded during the reign of the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard approximate date.

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Held at three synods in Phokas dies — ending the revolt and threat to Constantinople. Upon Phokas' death, the other rebel leader Bardas Skleros who is captured and blinded yields to Basil's superior forces. Crescentius II the Younger offers his submission to the H She served as interim Regent after the death of her spouse in Life Statue of St. Cunigunde as Holy Roman Empress, in Bamberg. She was a seventh-generation descendant of Charlemagne. King Henry in Henry II was a spiritual one also called a "white marriage" ; that is, they married for companionship alone, and by mutual agreement did not consummate their relationship.

It has been claimed that Cunigunde made a vow of Accession Carolingian ruled lands in yellow formed a small part of West Francia by the 10th century Lothair was born in Laon near the end of , as the eldest son of king Louis IV and Gerberga of Saxony. He succeeded his father as Count of Walbeck upon his death. Both Siegfried and Odo escaped the ensuing slaughter. Siegfried consolidated his position as sole count in Later that year, he fought with the Saxon army against the Great Slav Rising revolt against the empire. In , he supp Historiography The concept of a renaissance was first applied to the Ottonian period by the German historian Hans Naumann - more precisely, his work published in grouped the Carolingian and Ottonian periods together under the title Karolingische und ottonische Renaissance The Carolingian and Ottonian Renaissance.

Haskins published The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century Votive crowns and crosses, from a 19th-century lithograph. Votive crown of the Visigoth King Reccesuinth, made of gold and precious stones in the 2nd half of the 7th century.

Die mächtigste Frau des Abendlandes - Theophanu - Part 1

Detail of the votive crown of Reccesuinth, hanging in Madrid. The Treasure of Guarrazar, Guadamur, Province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain, is an archeological find composed of twenty-six votive crowns and gold crosses that had originally been offered to the Roman Catholic Church by the Kings of the Visigoths in the seventh century in Hispania, as a gesture of the orthodoxy of their faith and their submission to the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Though the treasure is now divided and much has disappeared, it represents the best surviving group of Early Medieval Christian votive offerings.

The Cross of Cong Irish: It was designed to be placed on top of a staff and is also a reliquary, designed to hold a piece of the purported True Cross. This gave it additional importance as an object of reverence and was undoubtedly the reason for the object's elaborate beauty.



It is considered one of finest examples of metalwork and decorative art of its period in Western Europe. Her marriage to Napoleon was her second; her first husband, Alexandre de Beauharnais, was guillotined during the Reign of Terror, and she was imprisoned in the Carmes Prison until five days after his execution. Her two children by Beauharnais became significant to royal lineage.

The reigning houses of Belgium, Norway and Luxembourg also descend from her. She did not bear Napoleon any children; as a result, he divorced her in to marry Marie Louise of Austria. The manuscript has folios which measure mm by mm, containing the Vulgate versions of the four gospels plus prefatory matter including the Eusebian canon tables. The illumination includes a page miniature of the enthroned Otto III being brought gifts by personifications of the four provinces of the Empire, Roma, Gallia, Germania, and Sclavinia.

The manuscript contains an additional 34 miniatures, including four evangelist portraits. In addition there are 12 decorated pages of canon tables, and each gospel is introduced by a full page decorated incipit page. The style of illustration is strongly influenced by Byza Peter's Basilica, in Vatican City. It is also a one of the oldest surviving claimed reliquaries of the True Cross, if not the oldest. The cross bears a Latin inscription reading: After this, the foreign policy of the Duke gravitated strongly towards appeasement of the Holy Roman Empire.

Domains of the Rashidun empire under the first four caliphs. The "divided phase" relates to the Rashidun caliphate of Ali during the First Fitna. Rashidun Caliphate strongholds under Ali during the First Fitna. Region controlled by Muawiyah I during the First Fitna. Region controlled by Amr ibn al-As during the First Fitna. He was the first who established the Umayyad dynasty in Islam of the caliphate,[3][4] and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan.

In , Muawiya's army attacked the army of Ali at t This is a list of princess-abbesses of Quedlinburg Abbey.

Theophanu - Eine oströmische Prinzessin als weströmische - download pdf or read online

Piast dynasty 7 Gerbe It hosts some of the eastmost premises of the University, just at and outside the edge of main campus. The Cross of Desiderius is a wooden gold-plated processional cross. It is named after Desiderius, who is traditionally held to have given it to San Salvatore and Santa Giulia monastery in Brescia, which he and his wife Ansa had founded between and It is a crux gemmata covered with gemstones, including around 50 ancient gems. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in He continued his father's work of unifying all German tribes into a single kingdom and greatly expanded the king's powers at the expense of the aristocracy.

Through strategic marriages and personal appointments, Otto installed members of his family in the kingdom's most important duchies. This reduced the various dukes, who had previously been co-equals with the king, to royal subjects under his authority. Otto transformed the Roman Catholic Church in Germany to strengthen royal authority and subjected its clergy to his personal control.

After putting down a brief civil war among the rebellious duchies, Otto defeated the Magyars at the Battle of