Plasma

Drew was appointed medical supervisor of the " Plasma for Britain " project. His notable contribution at this time was to transform the test tube methods of many blood researchers into the first successful mass production techniques. Nevertheless, the decision was made to develop a dried plasma package for the armed forces as it would reduce breakage and make the transportation, packaging, and storage much simpler.

One bottle contained enough distilled water to reconstitute the dried plasma contained within the other bottle. In about three minutes, the plasma would be ready to use and could stay fresh for around four hours. Following the "Plasma for Britain" invention, Drew was named director of the Red Cross blood bank and assistant director of the National Research Council , in charge of blood collection for the United States Army and Navy.

Drew insisted that there was no racial difference in human blood and that the policy would lead to needless deaths as soldiers and sailors were required to wait for "same race" blood. By the end of the war the American Red Cross had provided enough blood for over six million plasma packages. Most of the surplus plasma was returned to the United States for civilian use.

Serum albumin replaced dried plasma for combat use during the Korean War. When donating whole blood or packed red blood cell PRBC transfusions, O- is the most desirable and is considered a "universal donor," since it has neither A nor B antigens and can be safely transfused to most recipients. However, for plasma the situation is somewhat reversed. Blood donation centers will sometimes collect only plasma from AB donors through apheresis , as their plasma does not contain the antibodies that may cross react with recipient antigens.

As such, AB is often considered the "universal donor" for plasma. Special programs exist just to cater to the male AB plasma donor, because of concerns about transfusion related acute lung injury TRALI and female donors who may have higher leukocyte antibodies. Following fears of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease vCJD being spread through the blood supply, the British government began to import American plasma to meet its needs. In , it purchased Life Resources Incorporated to be able to secure plasma supply from the United States.

It owned Bio Products Laboratory. Confusion arose as some thought that the blood of British blood donors voluntarily donating to NHS Blood and Transplant Services would be sold for profit. Simulated body fluid SBF is a solution having a similar ion concentration to that of human blood plasma.

SBF is normally used for the surface modification of metallic implants, and more recently in gene delivery application. A world effort was triggered in the s to study magnetohydrodynamic converters in order to bring MHD power conversion to market with commercial power plants of a new kind, converting the kinetic energy of a high velocity plasma into electricity with no moving parts at a high efficiency.

Research was also conducted in the field of supersonic and hypersonic aerodynamics to study plasma interaction with magnetic fields to eventually achieve passive and even active flow control around vehicles or projectiles, in order to soften and mitigate shock waves , lower thermal transfer and reduce drag. Such ionized gases used in "plasma technology" "technological" or "engineered" plasmas are usually weakly ionized gases in the sense that only a tiny fraction of the gas molecules are ionized. In the presence of magnetics fields, the study of such magnetized nonthermal weakly ionized gases involves resistive magnetohydrodynamics with low magnetic Reynolds number , a challenging field of plasma physics where calculations require dyadic tensors in a 7-dimensional phase space.

When used in combination with a high Hall parameter , a critical value triggers the problematic electrothermal instability which limited these technological developments. Plasmas are the object of study of the academic field of plasma science or plasma physics , including sub-disciplines such as space plasma physics.

It currently involves the following fields of active research and features across many journals , whose interest includes:. The electric field in a plasma double layer is so effective at accelerating ions that electric fields are used in ion drives. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

For other uses, see Plasma. Please see the relevant discussion on the discussion page. Do not move the page until the discussion has reached consensus for the change and is closed. Surface tension Capillary action. Astrophysical plasma , Interstellar medium , and Intergalactic space.

Plasma acceleration Plasma medicine e. Dentistry [82] Plasma window. The voltage rises to its maximum value in the saturation stage, and thereafter it undergoes fluctuations of the various stages; while the current progressively increases throughout.

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Plasma's importance to your health

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Facts about plasma

The primary purpose of plasma is to transport nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it. Cells also deposit their waste products into the plasma. The plasma, in turn, helps remove this waste from the body. Blood plasma also ushers the movement of all the elements of blood through the circulatory system. Plasma is a critical component in the treatment of many serious health problems. This is why there are frequent blood drives encouraging people to donate blood plasma. Along with water, salt, and enzymes, human plasma also contains important components.

These include immunoglobulins antibodies , clotting factors, and the proteins albumin and fibrinogen. When you donate blood, health professionals can isolate these vital ingredients from your plasma and concentrate them into various products.