The Near East, The Cradle of Western Civilization

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Description This book is an elegant account of the development of the great ancient civilizations of the Near East and how did the knowledge of the people of the Orient spread over the surrounding regions. Salem , Sema'an I. Paper Back Publishing Date: Between and BC, the population in the eastern half of the Olmec heartland dropped precipitously. These changes may have been triggered by tectonic upheavals or subsidence, or the silting up of rivers due to agricultural practices.

The Tres Zapotes site, on the western edge of the Olmec heartland, continued to be occupied well past BC, but without the hallmarks of the Olmec culture. The Olmecs are sometimes referred to as the mother culture of Mesoamerica, as they were the first Mesoamerican civilization and laid many of the foundations for the civilizations that followed. The following timeline shows the approximate dates of the emergence of civilization in the featured areas and the primary Neolithic cultures preceding them.

It is important to note that the timeline is not indicative of the beginning of human habitation, or the start of a specific ethnic group; which often occurred significantly earlier than the emergence of civilization proper. There is academic consensus that Classical Greece is the seminal culture which provided the foundation of modern Western culture , democracy, theatre, historiography, philosophy, mathematics and science. For this reason it is known as the cradle of Western Civilization.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Near East Europe India China. Neolithic Revolution , Urban revolution , and Chalcolithic. History of Mesopotamia , History of Sumer , and Sumer. History of China , Xia dynasty , and Erlitou culture. Ancient Peru and Norte Chico civilization. Mesoamerican chronology and Olmec civilization. The Colosseum and the Acropolis , symbols of the Graeco-Roman world. Via the Roman Empire , Greek culture spread throughout Europe.

Using U-Pb dating of zircon sand grains they found that sediments typical of the Beas, Sutlej and Yamuna rivers Himalayan tributaries of the Indus are actually present in former Ghaggar-Hakra channels. However, sediment contributions from these glacial-fed rivers stopped at least by 10, years ago, well before the development of the Indus civilisation.

They also concluded that this contradicted the idea of a Harappan-time mighty "Sarasvati" river. The Bronze Age village and urban societies of the Indus Valley are some-thing of an anomaly, in that archaeologists have found little indication of local defense and regional warfare.

It would seem that the bountiful monsoon rainfall of the Early to Mid-Holocene had forged a condition of plenty for all, and that competitive energies were channeled into commerce rather than conflict. Scholars have long argued that these rains shaped the origins of the urban Harappan societies, which emerged from Neolithic villages around BC. It now appears that this rainfall began to slowly taper off in the third millennium, at just the point that the Harappan cities began to develop. Thus it seems that this "first urbanisation" in South Asia was the initial response of the Indus Valley peoples to the beginning of Late Holocene aridification.

These cities were maintained for to years and then gradually abandoned as the Harappan peoples resettled in scattered villages in the eastern range of their territories, into the Punjab and the Ganges Valley A Reconsideration," Quaternary Science Reviews 25 , — Compare with the very different interpretations in Possehl, Gregory L.

The Ancient Near East, an introduction

A Contemporary Perspective , Rowman Altamira, pp. The figure may have been carved by a later civilization onto an ancient gourd, as it was found in strata dating between and AD. Archaeology in the "Cradle of Civilization. A History of Ancient and Early medieval India: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus.

Cradle of civilization - Wikipedia

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The Cradles of Western Civilization Mesopotamia & The Ancient Hebrews.

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Cradle of civilization

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American Association For the Advancement of Science. Washburn, and Richard E. Retrieved 3 March Steven; Schnell, Raymond J. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. Cambridge and New York: Alternatively, the mutilation of these monuments may be unrelated to the decline and abandonment of San Lorenzo.

Some researchers believe that the mutilation had ritualistic aspects, particularly since most mutilated monuments were reburied in a row. Settlement Patterns in the Ancient Gulf Lowlands. University of Arizona Press. London and New York: Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. History of Philosophy Volume 1: Art and History of Greece: Archaeological Tourism in Post-Modern Society.

Cradle of Western Culture Series , disc. Current Issues and the Study of Ancient History. Greece has long been considered the seedbed or cradle of Western civilization. Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.

The Birth of Western Civilization: Geographicus Rare Antique Maps".