30 Days With Ubuntu Linux (30 Days With... Book 2)

You can also subscribe without commenting. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. How to Install Nagios 4. How to Install Ubuntu Twitter Facebook Google Plus Subscribe to our email updates: Support us by taking our online Linux courses We are thankful for your never ending support. April 5, at 6: February 23, at 8: February 24, at May 12, at 1: May 28, at April 23, at 7: March 29, at September 12, at 3: September 12, at 8: September 10, at 1: September 10, at 2: Retrieved August 12, Archived from the original on November 23, Retrieved November 23, Archived from the original on September 29, Retrieved September 29, Archived from the original on October 4, Retrieved October 8, Archived PDF from the original on January 11, Archived from the original on June 18, Retrieved June 18, Archived from the original on May 25, Retrieved January 12, Put the fun back into computing.

Archived from the original on April 2, Archived from the original on December 31, Retrieved December 30, Archived from the original on December 30, What every technologist should know". Archived from the original on September 24, Retrieved September 24, Archived from the original on November 9, Retrieved November 9, Archived from the original on March 5, Retrieved March 9, Why Did Linux Succeed?

Archived from the original on August 17, Retrieved August 17, Archived from the original on October 3, Retrieved February 19, Archived from the original on February 25, Retrieved January 20, Retrieved September 9, How was the first linux gcc binary created?? Archived from the original on August 19, Retrieved July 23, The Linux copyright will change: I assume this is going to be no problem for anybody: If you have grievances "I wrote that code assuming the copyright would stay the same" mail me.

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Archived from the original on February 28, Archived from the original on October 8, Retrieved August 3, Archived from the original on March 29, Retrieved July 26, Archived from the original on August 28, Ziff Davis Enterprise Inc. Retrieved November 19, Archived from the original on November 16, Archived from the original on December 3, Archived from the original on August 21, Archived from the original on December 14, Archived from the original on June 28, Archived from the original on March 15, Retrieved February 16, Retrieved November 10, Archived from the original on July 14, Retrieved July 12, Archived from the original on October 17, Retrieved October 16, Retrieved October 10, Date and year link CS1 maint: Tim Jones May 31, Facts About X vs.

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Archived from the original on April 5, Archived from the original on September 27, Archived from the original on June 3, Archived from the original on June 27, Retrieved June 30, Archived from the original on August 6, Retrieved November 20, Retrieved June 4, Archived from the original on January 17, Archived from the original on April 17, Torvalds first published the Linux kernel under its own licence, [17] which had a restriction on commercial activity.

The first release of the Linux kernel, Linux 0. In the "Notes for linux release 0. Sadly, a kernel by itself gets you nowhere. To get a working system you need a shell, compilers, a library etc. These are separate parts and may be under a stricter or even looser copyright. These tools aren't in the distribution - ask me or GNU for more info. He first announced this decision in the release notes of version 0.

Around Torvalds clarified that the used license for the linux kernel is exactly the GPLv2, without the common "or later clause". In , after years of draft discussions, the GPLv3 was released and Torvalds and the majority of kernel developers decided against adopting the new license for the linux kernel. The designation "Linux" was initially used by Torvalds only for the Linux kernel. The kernel was, however, frequently used together with other software, especially that of the GNU project.

This quickly became the most popular adoption of GNU software. In May , Richard Stallman published the editor Emacs This name garnered varying reactions. The GNU and Debian projects use the name, although most people simply use the term "Linux" to refer to the combination.

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Torvalds announced in that there would be a mascot for Linux, a penguin. Larry Ewing provided the original draft of today's well known mascot based on this description. The name Tux was suggested by James Hughes as derivative of Torvalds' UniX , along with being short for tuxedo , a type of suit with color similar to that of a penguin.

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The largest part of the work on Linux is performed by the community: Various companies have also helped not only with the development of the kernels, but also with the writing of the body of auxiliary software, which is distributed with Linux. It is released both by organized projects such as Debian, and by projects connected directly with companies such as Fedora and openSUSE. The members of the respective projects meet at various conferences and fairs, in order to exchange ideas. One of the largest of these fairs is the LinuxTag in Germany, where about 10, people assemble annually, in order to discuss Linux and the projects associated with it.

The Open Source Development Lab OSDL was created in the year , and is an independent nonprofit organization which pursues the goal of optimizing Linux for employment in data centers and in the carrier range. It served as sponsored working premises for Linus Torvalds and also for Andrew Morton until the middle of when Morton transferred to Google.

Despite being freely available, companies profit from Linux. These companies, many of which are also members of the Linux Foundation, invest substantial resources into the advancement and development of Linux, in order to make it suited for various application areas. This includes hardware donations for driver developers, cash donations for people who develop Linux software, and the employment of Linux programmers at the company.

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KDE was the first advanced desktop environment version 1. This restores the more traditional desktop environment with marginal improvements. The relatively well-funded distribution, Ubuntu , designed and released in June another user interface called Unity which is radically different from the conventional desktop environment and has been criticized as having various flaws [33] and lacking configurability. However, the smartphone and tablet version of Ubuntu and its Unity interface was unveiled by Canonical Ltd in January In , Andrew S.

Tanenbaum, recognized computer scientist and author of the Minix microkernel system, wrote a Usenet article on the newsgroup comp.

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Among the most significant criticisms were that:. Tanenbaum's prediction that Linux would become outdated within a few years and replaced by GNU Hurd which he considered to be more modern proved incorrect. Linux has been ported to all major platforms and its open development model has led to an exemplary pace of development. In contrast, GNU Hurd has not yet reached the level of stability that would allow it to be used on a production server.



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Finally he asked me if I thought Linus wrote Linux. I said that to the best of my knowledge, Linus wrote the whole kernel himself, but after it was released, other people began improving the kernel, which was very primitive initially, and adding new software to the system--essentially the same development model as MINIX. Then he began to focus on this, with questions like: The book's claims, methodology and references were seriously questioned and in the end it was never released and was delisted from the distributor's site.



Although Torvalds has said that Microsoft's feeling threatened by Linux in the past was of no consequence to him, the Microsoft and Linux camps had a number of antagonistic interactions between and This became quite clear for the first time in , when the first Halloween document was brought to light by Eric S. This was a short essay by a Microsoft developer that sought to lay out the threats posed to Microsoft by free software and identified strategies to counter these perceived threats.

Competition entered a new phase in the beginning of , when Microsoft published results from customer case studies evaluating the use of Windows vs. Based on inquiries, research analysts, and some Microsoft sponsored investigations, the case studies claimed that enterprise use of Linux on servers compared unfavorably to the use of Windows in terms of reliability, security, and total cost of ownership.

In response, commercial Linux distributors produced their own studies, surveys and testimonials to counter Microsoft's campaign. Novell particularly referenced the Microsoft studies in many points. In the autumn of , Novell and Microsoft announced an agreement to co-operate on software interoperability and patent protection. This patent protection was also expanded to non-commercial free software developers. The last part was criticized because it only included non-commercial free software developers.