Apologetic Motivation: Its Influences on Biblical Interpretation (IBRI Occasional Papers Book 32)

The justice of our criticism will be more evident from the subjoined specimens. T IF pelican, Lev. XXi 1khV "j c spring, Ps.

So most excellent, Luke, 1. Xto ve cMpassion, Ibid in due time, 1 Tim. Ko7ro la bor, 1 Thes. WnI-h dune to swear, Ex. X0yt'ae1 eg 4Keatooe-evritv accomunted for righteousness, Gal. Bat there are no phrases, in the rendering of which the translators have shewn more diversity than in those in which the words t- ben, son, and 4. The former of these, which not only signifies a son, but also a descendant of any kind, has in the Oriental dialects a very wide acceptation, and is applied not only to the offsplring of the animal creation, but also to productions of every sort; and what is still more remarkable, to consequential or concomitant relations.

Thus an arrowt is called the son of the bow; the mornizg-star, the. In rendering such phrases our translators have, for the most part, softened the Hebraism, but after no ilniform manner. But even in regard to the first they are not consistent; for if once they admitted the word Belial, they should have retained it throughout, and said a thing of Belial, a heart of Belial, a witness of Belial, the floods of Belial; which, however, they render an evil disease, a twicked heart, an ungodly witness, the floods of ungodliness. Nay, they have once or twice translated a man of Belial, a wicked man.

Many other instances of this variety of phrasing might be adduced, but enough has been said to shew that our translators were not guided by any uniform rule or fixed principle, especially in rendering the Hebraisms of the Bible; and, moreover, that this want of uniformity must often be productive of great inconvenience to the reader.

On the whole, however, if we except the fault now adverted to, the abatements to be made from the general excel! It is indeed possible that occasional instances of wrong orinadequate rendering may be specified, that grammatical propriety may be sometimes slightly violated, that Greek and Hebrew idioms may not always be the most happily transfused into English, that modes of expression lacking in delicacy, or dignity, or perspicuity, may here and there occur, but they are few and far between, and a thousand-fold outweighed by the evident study of rigid fidelity every where exhibited.

In attempting, therefore, to specify, as we now propose to do, some particulars in which our English version is capable of amendment, we are doing nothing which really reflects upon the course adopted, in respect to these points, by the translators, unless it can be supposed to detract from them that they did not foresee the changes which in after times would come upon their native tongue.

They employed such words as the usage of their tirrles suggested and sanctioned. The same reasons which made them adopt those words then would, if they were now alive, and revising their own work, induce them to substitute others in their stead. We would be understood, then, merely as intimating what is in itself desirable, in view of the progress of language and society, rather than what iwe should deem it expedient to have undertaken. While the changes effected in the lapse of two or three centuries in our habItudes of thought and modes of expression do doubtless render certain emendations intrinsically a desideratum, yet when it comes to the question of actually innovating upon the established text, under whatever plea, we at once plant ourselves on the ground of strict adherence to its every letter.

The advantages of retaining incorrupt a standard harmoniously accepted by so large a portion of Christendom, are so signally great, and the evils which would inevitably result fiom its allowed invasion so manifold and vast, that we trust the day is far, far distant when the first step shall be taken toward supplanting this time-hallowed version in the estimation of the millions by whom it is now so affectionately. Recurrence to the passages indicated will shew, however, that several of them do not now stand in our current editions, but have giver place to their more modern equivalents ranged in the parallel column.

In some cases, moreover, it is not the word, but the sense, which has become antiquated. Advisement counsel, 1 Chron. Afore befbre, 2 Kings, Worship honor, civil respect. Aliant alien, Job, Honest decent, becoming, 2 Cor. More greater, Acts, Quick living, Acts, Stablish establish, I Pet. Beast living creature, Rev. Prevent go before, 1 Thes. Ensue pursue, 1 Pet. Cracknels cakes, I Kings, Coast border, limit, IDeut. Instantly earnestly, Luke, 7. Daysinan umpire, Job, 9. Hitherto thus fal, Job, Fet fetched, Acts, Eschew avoid, Job, 2.

Habergeon armor, breastlate, Ex, To skill to be knowing in, 1 Kings, S. Lack to be wanting, Gen. Trow think, Luke, Twain two, 1 Sam. Sore severe, very much, occ. Leese lose, I Kings, List, listed please, Mat. Magnifical stately, I Chron. An hungered hungry, Mat. Mufflers thin vails, Is.

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Ensample sample, 1 Cor. Mids midst, Luke, Poll and polled cut the hair off, Ezek. Carriage baggage, I Sam. Unto for, John, Conversation behavior, l Tim. Servitor servant, 2 Kings, 4. Passion suffering, Acts, 1. Silverlings pieces of silver, Is. Oweth owneth, Acts, Sod, sodden boil, Gen. Ear till, 1 Sam. Swollen swelled, Acts, Wist, wit, wot know, Ex. Terrises balustrades, 2 Chron. Seethe boil, 2 Kings, 4. Wench girl, 2 Sam. Good man of the house master of the family, Mat.

Uppermost rooms chief places at table, Mat. Hlnger-bitten weakened with hunger, Job, Take no thought be not anxious, Mat. Laughed to scorn derided, Mat. Cast the samle in his teeth reproved him, Mat. Chode with quarrelled or disputed with, Gen. We do you to wit we inform you, 2 Cor. It repented him he repented, Gen. He repented himself the sanme, Mat. Stricken in age advanced in age, Gen. Know any thing by myself know any thing against myself, 1 Cor. Sat at meat sat at table, Mat. But a simple diction is more accordant with the general style of the version, which is remarkable for its use of pure English words in preference to those of Roman origin.

Genesis Commentaries & Sermons | Precept Austin

Thus the translators almost invariably adopt keep back for suppress; call upon for invoke; bow down for incline; lift up fo! We cite the following instances therefore, rather as exceptions to the general practice of the translators. Quarternion party of four soldiers. Legion body of Roman soldiers. XXV Exaction demand, tribute. Adjure put on oath. Implead go to law. Exorcist one who drives out Disannul male void. Want qf uniformity in Proper Names. The following are examples. Azotus Ashdod, Acts, 8. Charran Haran, Acts, 7. Messias Messiah, John, 1. Cis Kish, Acts, 13 Eliseus Elisha, Luke, 4.

Phaleg Peleg, Luke, 3. Semn Shern, Luke, 3. Jesus Joshua, Acts, 7. Where a word ends in iah, it is peculiarly wrong thus to transform it, because in nearly every case those names have a reference to Ja.. For the sake of the English reader it may be well to group together, in tabular form, a few supplementary items tending to illustrate several points which are less obvious in a version, but which are still important to the intelligent study of the Scriptures.

Apologetic Motivation: Its Influences on Biblical

Soul put for Person. I shall have no pleasure. Corban i a gift. Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani my God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Cephas a rock or stone. Bethesda the house of mercy. Aceldama the field of blood. Maran-atha our Lord cometh. Armageddon the excision of a multitude. Improper divisions of Chapters. The Vulgate joins Psalms 9 and 10, and divides Psalm into two. Psalms 42 and 43 were originally one, as appears from the structure, and from seven eanuscripts.

Plurals not noticed in the Common Version. Gods appeared unto him. Peculiar use of the numbers Ten and Seven. Italics, It has sometimes been objected to our received version that it is encumbered with a load of awkward and useless Italics. Words and phrases printed in this character, it is well known, are introduced for the purpose of making out a complete sense in our language, where the expression in the original is elliptical, or where the idioms of the two languages are so different, that a literal translation would leave the writer's meaning obscure or unintelligible.

The first object of the translators undoubtedly was to express in intelligible English what they believed to be the filll signification of a sentence; and their next object appears to have been to point out, by the mode of printing, such supplementary words as had been required for the complete developement of the sense. In some cases indeed the elliptical form of the original would not be attended with any great uncertainty as to the writer's neaning;- and yet as different modes of supplying the ellipses, giving different shades of meaning, may be adopted, it seems desirable even in such cases, that the words actually supplied should be designated.

Under such circumstances, therefore, it would stnem to be obvious that in translating a work of such vast moment to mankind as the Oracles of Truth, whatever is thus added for the fuller explication of the meaning of the original ought to have some mark by which it may be distinguished fi-om tile rest. It was with this view that our translators had recourse to the expedient of Italics. But although the principle on which they proceeded in adopting this character is obvious, yet it was perhaps hardly to be expected that it should never have been departed from, in the actual execution of so large a work as the Bible; and nothing is more evident than that it wuas departed from, in a areat multitude of instances, in the first and several subsequent editions.

Whether it were that the demand for the new translation was so urgent that it was hurried through the press in an Imperfect state of preparation, or whether it were owing to the want of entire concert in carrying out the original plan, certaitl it is, that the early editions were disfigured by the grossest inconsistencies in respect to the use of the Roman and the Italic character. In the following coutihlets of cases, adduced as a specimen, the expressions in the original are either identically the same, or so essentially analogous as to require a uniform mode of typorlaphy.

Similar instances might be indefinitely multiplied from the edition of the first , shewing to what an extent the principle of uniformity in this respect was neglected either by the translators or the publishers. But the fact seems to have arrested attention within the space of about twenty-five years after the translation appeared, and the whole work was in , or thereabouts, subjected to a most rigid collation with the original with a special view to correct errors of this description, and to carry out, in its minutest details, the plan of the translators.

The result was an immense number of alterations in the English text. From an investigation instituted on this head by the American Bible Society it appears that the Italicizing process was introduced in as many as from eight to ten thousand instances over and above those which had originated with the translators; and the form in which the current editions of the English Bibles have come down to us is the fruit of this ancient thorough-going recension.

But no documlents remain to inform us by whom this work was executed, or by what aluthority. That it has been ably and faithfully done, will be evident to any one who shall undertake, as the writer of this was not long since called to do, to compare the present state of the English text with the Hebrew and Greek originals. In scarcely a single instance was a variation from the translators' edition detected, but it was manifestly for the better, and such as the application of their own principles not only justified, but required. Yet in a very few cases, occurring in the first edition, of which the following are the principal, it must perhaps be admitted that their equivocal use of Italics tends in some degree to obscure the sense.

This mode of rendering would seem to make dubious our Lord's right to bestow rewards. In the modern editions the typography in the two cases is uniform. Here there is nothing in the original to answer to'any man;' consequently whether the interpretation be right or not, the words on the translators' own principles ought to have been marked as supplied. More especially was this requisite in a passage, which it must have been certain would be made use of for the purpose of supporting particular views of controverted doctrines.

Vulgate, agree in presenting the following words;'But the just shall live by faith; and if he withdraw himself, my soul shall have no pleasure in him. The term Pentateuch, under which title are included the five books usually ascribed to Moses, is derived from the Greek 1. Each book by itself was called wZ7zh1 a ffth. The more common Hebrew name of the Pentateuch is,"T' hattorah, the law, so called because the books contain the civil and sacred laws of the Hebrew nation.

This collective designation of the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, is of very remote antiquity, though we have no certain infortuation when or by whom it was first introduced. As however the names of these books are evidently derived from the Greek, and as the five books of Moses are expressly mentioned by Josephus, who wrote only a few years after Christ, we have every reason to believe that the appellation Pentateuch was prefixed to the version of the Septuagint.

The several books constituting the Pentateuch were probably composed in one continued work, as they form, to this day, but one rolled volume in the Hebrew manuscripts. In that form, however, they were marked by divisions into what were termed Parashahs or Parshioth Heb. Id1t perash, to distinguish, divide, discriminate. Of these, which are plainly indicated in all editions of the Heb.

Bible, either by the letters tUt p or DtO s , there were fifty-four, one being read, every Sabbath-day in the Synagogue. Each of these larger sections is further denoted by its first, or first important, word, which serves as a title to it. These titles are generally written as a running caption at the head of the page immediately after the title of the book. Of the Parashahls there are 12 in Genesis, 11 in Exodus, 10 in Leviticus, 10 in Numbers, and 11 in Deuteronom y, making 54 in all.

It is probable that the Heb. XXX1 sections or Parashahs with wnich their commencements coincide. These Parashahs were subdivided into smaller sections termed Sederim Heb t:. At what time, or by whose means, the five leading portions of the Pentateuch came to be popularly distinguished as five separate books, bearing each of them a distinct title, we have no means of ascertaining.

As they are designated by their present Greek appellations in the version of the Septuagint, it is certain that the distinction is at least as ancient as the era of that work, and how much earlier it may have obtained, we know not. As it is a matter of little practical moment it may safely be left among many other unsolved problems of biblical archaeology.

The claim of Moses to the authorship of the Pentateuch was a matter of universal trad;tion, and never called in question either by Jews or Christians, for at least three thousand years after its publication, till Thomas Hobbes of England, about A. Subsequent to the time of Hobbes, the Mosaic origin of the Pentateuch has been assailed by a multitude of learned men, among whom the most distinguished are Spinoza, Simon, Leclerc, Volney, Hasse, Nachtigall, Vater, Bertholdt, De Wette, and Gesenius, all of whom, though broaching different theories by which to account for the composition of the work, agree in denying its authorship to Moses.

A condensed, but very clear and satisfactory view of the arguments impugning the Mosaic origin of the Pentateuch, with dn able refutation in popular form, will be found in Prof. Stowe's' Introduction to the Study of the Bible. The unanimous and uncontradicted testimony of antiquity. He is designated in several parts of the work itself as the author; Ex. This is confirmed by the evidence of almost all the sacred writers of the Old Testament; Josh.

To this is to be added the testimony, 4. Of Christ and his Apostles; Mat. The whole series of historical events pertaining to the Hebrew nation rests upon the authority of these books, and demonstrates that they emanated from Loses. The contrary hypotheses are self-contradictory and entirely without foundation. All the objections to the authenticity of these books are susceptible of an easy and satisfactory answer. The five books of Moses are written in pure Hebrew, with some diversity of style, such as naturally springs from the diversity of the subjects of which it treats; but throughout with the utmost simplicity, combined with an admirable force and vividness of expression.

Of their inspiration and canonical authority no doubt has ever been entertained by the Church. Moses conversed with God' face to face, as man speaketh unto his friend;' Ex. He affirms that what he delivered was by the command, and at the suggestion of the Almighty; and the sacred writers of the New Testament uniformly acknowledge the inspired authority, and divine legation of Moses.

The Pentateuch, immediately after its composition, was deposited by the ark in the tabernacle, Deut. Its being thus guarded as a sacred deposit, is the surest guaranty that is has descended to us in a general uncorrupted purity. Title, General Scope, and Date. We have already on a previous page adverted to the manner m which the Hebrew titles of the five books of Moses may have originated.

Whether this were the fact or not, yet according to the existing arrangement in all printed copies of the Hebrew Bible these books are named from the first word occurring in each. But in the Greek, which is followed in our version, the title is rEsvCsE genesis, generation, or production, from the account of the origin of the visible creation with which the book opens. The Greek titles of the remaining books of the Pentateuch bear a similar relation to their contents, as will appear when we come to treat of each in its turn.

The claim of Moses to the authorship of this book is of course made out by the same arguments which go to ascertain the entire Pentateuch as his pro duction. As these have been already considered, it will be unnecessary here to repeat them. The general scope of the book is to give an authentic though brief history of the creation and the early ages of the world to the flood, and thenceforward to trace more particularly the origin and the varied fortunes of that re.

The following synopsis, arranged in historical and chronological order, will give a condensed view of its contents, which cover a period of years. Institution of flte Sablbat! History of Adaal and his Descendcants till the Deluge, chap. Genealogy of the Patriarchs, chap. State of the World immediately preceding the Deluge, chap. The Covenant with Noah, chap. Noah prophesies the Fate of his Sons, chap. The Confusion of Tongues, and Dispersion of Mankind, chap. The Life of Abraham, chap. From the Death of Abaharn to the Selling of Joseph, chap.

History of Joseph and his Family in Egypt, chap. Death of Jacob and of the Patriarchs, chlap. Alinough it cannot reasonably be questioned that this book, as well as the rest of the Pentateuch was written by Moses, yet it is by no means agreed at what time it was written. Eusebius and some eminent critics after him have Conjectured that it was written while he kept the flocks of Jethro his father-inlaw, in the wilderness of Midian. But the more probable opinion is that of TheDdoret, that Moses wrote it after the exode from Egypt and the promulgation of the ILaw fromt Mount Sinai, as previous to the call related Ex.

Without that spirit he could not, it is supposed, have recorded, with so much accuracy, the history of the creation and the subsequent events to his own time, nor could he have foretold so many signal events then future. But it is as impossible as it is of little consequence to determine the truth on this point. Sufficient is it for us to know, that Moses was under an influence of inspiration in the composition of his history, which secured the infallible truth of all his statements. Was the book qf Genesis compiled frsom more ancient documents?

This is a question entirely distinct from that of the genuineness and authenticity of the book. Moses may have been its author, and all its statements absolutely true, and yet it may have contained passages which he did not write. In a historical work extending through a period of more than two thousand years, it would be very natural that quotations should be made from preceding writings of authentic character, provided any such were in existence; and though we are not expressly informed that any did exist, yet very plausible reasons may be urged in support of the hypothesis from the style and structure of the narrative itself.

It is clear that Moses must have derived his knowledge of the events which he records in Genesis, either from immediate divine revelation, or from oral tradition, or from written documents. The-nature of many of the facts related, and the minuteness of the narration, render it extremely improbable that immediate revelation was the source from whence they were drawn. That his knowledge should have been derived from oral tradition, appears morally impossible, when we consider the great number of names, ages, dates, and minute events, which are recorded.

The conclusion then seems fair that he must have obtained his information from written documents coeval, or nearly so, with the events which they recorded and composed by persons intimately acquainted. Such memoranda and genealogical tables written by the patriarchs or their immediate descendants, and preserved by their posterity until the time of Moses, may have been the sources to which he had recourse in constructing his narrative. He may have collected these, with additions from authentic tradition or existing monuments, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, into a single book.

Certain it is that several of the first chapters of Genesis have the air of being made up of selections from very ancient documents, written by different authors at different periods. The variety which is observable in the names and titles of the Supreme Being is appealed to among the most striking proofs of this fact. This is obvious in the English translation, but still more so in the Hebrew original. It is hardly conceivable that all this should be the result of mere accident. The changes of the name correspond exactly to the changes in the narratives and the titles of the several pieces; and each document uniformly preserves the same name, except when a quotation is made, and then, as the fidelity of history requires, the name used by the person introduced as speaker, is inserted.

It is impossible perhaps to decide definitely respecting the amount of quotations of this kind, but in the first fifteenl chapters of the book it seems to be considerable. Stowe,'impair the credit of the Mosaic books, or increase it. Is Marshall's Life of Washington to be regarded as unworthy of credit, because it contains copious extracts from Washington's correspondence, and literal quotations from important public documents? The objection is altogether futile.

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In the common editions of the Bible the Pentateuch occupies about one hundred and fifty pages, of which perhaps ten may be taken up with quotations. This surely is no very large proportion for an historical work extending through so long a period. It will, however, bear the test of closer examination, and in proportion as our acquaintance with the book itself increases, our belief of the fact of its compilation will be apt also to strengthen. Pareau, a sober and moderate critic, uses the following strong language: He draws from the fact a strong argument in favour of the credibility and historical accuracy of the book.

The inspired authority of the work is in nowise affected by this theory, for, as Jahn has well remarked, some of the documents are of such a nature, that they could have been derived only from immediate revelation; and the whole being compiled by an inspired writer, it has received the sanctise of the Holy Spirit in an equal degree with his original productions. It was the author's original intention to have given a detailed view of the principal commentaries, and other sources of illustration, of which he has availed himsellf in the preparation of the ensuing notes.

These he had purposed to have accompanied with such characterlising notices as might aid the biblical student in making a selection of the most valuable works in this department. But after devoting so much space as he had already done to the various prolegomena contained in the foregoing pages, he soon found that it would be impracticable to do justice to his design, without doing injustice to a portion at least of his authorities.

Under these circumstances lie determined to wave the mninute specification which entered into his original plan, and to put before the reader, in the most conmpendious form, a catalogue of important biblical works, a large portion of which he has consulted in the course of his labors. The list is by no means complete, nor would it perhaps be possible to present one so ample but the question might still be asked why it did not include more. In fact, this department of sacred litera ture is enlarging itself so rapidly by accessions from innumerable sources, that its very bibliography is becoming voluminous, and a catalogue that would answer a very good purpose this year becomes rdecidedly defective the next.

The following enumeration, in which regard has been had to the wants of others than mere English readers, comprises the titles of what may be considered as at least the nucleus of a tolerably extensive apparatus for the study and the exposition of the sacred volume, but more especially of the Pentateuch and the historical books of the Old Testament. Kidder on the Pentateuch. Ainsworth on the Pentateuch. Willet's Hexapla in do. Patrick's " Pfeiffer's Dubia Vexata. Outram on the Sacrifices. Holden on the Fall. Heidegger' s Historia Patriarcharum.

Hale's Analysis of Anc. Graves on the Pentateuch. Genesis also records what God has done to encourage people to trust and obey Him. It is only by living by these two principles that people can enjoy a relationship with God and realize all that God created them to experience. On the one hand, Genesis reveals much about the person and work of God. This revelation helps us to trust and obey Him.

It is through His personal revelations to the main characters in Genesis that God revealed Himself initially e. On the other hand, Genesis reveals much about the nature of man. Not only did God reveal the perversity and depravity of man, but He also identified many positive examples of faith and obedience in the lives of the godly. In Genesis we learn that faith in God is absolutely essential if we are to have fellowship with Him and realize our potential as human beings.

Faith is the law of life. If one lives by faith, he flourishes, but if he does not, he fails. The four patriarchs are primarily examples of what faith is and how it manifests itself. In each of their lives we learn something new about faith. Abraham's faith demonstrates unquestioning obedience. When God told him to do something, he almost always did it. This is the most basic characteristic of faith. That is one reason Abraham has been called "the father of the faithful.

Isaac's faith helps us see the quality of passive acceptance that characterizes true faith in God. This was his response to God's two revelations to him Sometimes Isaac was too passive. Jacob's story is one of conflict with God until he came to realize his own limitations: We can see his faith in his acknowledged dependence on God.

God's seven revelations to him eventually led him to this place Most believers today can identify with Jacob most easily, because we too struggle with wanting to live independent of God. Joseph's life teaches us what God can do with a person who trusts Him consistently in the face of adversity. The outstanding characteristic of Joseph's life was his faithful loyalty to God. He believed God's two revelations to him in dreams Patient faith and its reward shine through the story of Joseph.

The Lord Jesus supremely illustrates this quality of faith. Faith, the key concept in Genesis, means trusting that what God has prescribed is indeed best for me, and demonstrating that trust by waiting for God to provide what He has promised. A "person of faith" is one who commits to acting on this basis—even though he or she may not see how God's way is best.

Appreciating the Providence of God in accomplishing His redemptive agenda. Significant from its Title — Book of Beginnings transliteration from the Greek translation of the Septuagint ; books named by the first word in the book; Book of Origins — looked at this idea last week; need to understand both our origins and our destiny — Jesus identified Himself by the title: First book of the Bible and first book of the Pentateuch — 5 books of the Pentateuch are really viewed as 1 book with 1 author — that will be important when we come to discuss authorship But many evangelical scholars today would question whether Genesis is scientifically accurate when it comes to explaining the origin of life on earth.

Maybe it is just a mythological adaptation that has theological application but was never intended to be interpreted literally. Albert Mohler begs to disagree: And that is the very heart of this discussion. So our understanding of the inerrancy of Scripture is at stake in how we interpret the book of Genesis. Certainly it is a controversial book — Derek Kidner: There can scarcely be another part of Scripture over which so many battles, theological, scientific, historical and literary, have been fought, or so many strong opinions cherished.

The major themes of Scripture may be compared to great rivers, ever deepening and broadening as they flow; and it is true to say that all these rivers have their rise in the watershed of Genesis. Or, to use on equally appropriate figure, as the massive trunk and wide-spreading branches of the oak are in the acorn, so, by implication and anticipation, all Scripture is in Genesis. What doctrines are introduced here? Just some of the basic ones: Sovereignty and Providence of God - sovereign in creation … but not some type of deistic view where God becomes disengaged; instead God is sovereign in governing the world He created and providentially ordering the affairs of mankind to accomplish His purposes.

Goodness of God - We see that in Creation; we see that in His providence — testimony of Joseph after being so mistreated by his brothers Gen. Note alternation between chosen and rejected lines, emphasizing the selection that is going on throughout the book. Importance of Truth vs. The first promise of redemption is definite but largely undefined in Genesis 3: Both entered the world through a special act of God as sinless men. Adam is the head of the old creation; Christ is the Head of the new creation. Joseph is also a type of Christ. Joseph and Christ are both objects of special love by their Fathers, both are hated by their brethren, both are rejected as rulers over their brethren, both are conspired against and sold for silver, both are condemned though innocent, and both are raised from humiliation to glory by the power of God.

What did the Apostle Paul think about the book of Genesis? There are at least passages in Genesis that are either directly quoted or clearly referred to in the New Testament. Many of these are alluded to more than once, so that there are at least two hundred quotations or allusions to Genesis in the New Testament … there exist over one hundred quotations or direct references to Genesis in the New Testament.

Furthermore, every one of these eleven chapters is alluded to somewhere in the New Testament, and every one of the New Testament authors refers somewhere in his writings to Genesis On at least six different occasions, Jesus Christ Himself quoted from or referred to something or someone in one of these chapters, including specific reference to each of the first seven chapters. Genesis is quoted from over times in the New Testament. In fact chapters is quoted more than times in the New Testament. When we compromise the Bible statements about our origin, we invariably end up being confused about our purpose in life and our destiny.

Humanistic evolution, for example, denies the creation and says we came by evolutionary forces chance. The logical consequence would be that there is no real purpose for life, and there is no life after death. We can understand our purpose and goal only when we understand our origin. From these pictures you can do a simple Google Image search and find the larger image. For example, click on "Eden" and you will note the picture under Genesis 2: You can use Google image search use "Safe search" to be sure to filter out explicit images to great advantage - Click the link below and type in your book title and chapter, being sure to put them in quotation marks.

Do this for Genesis 1, 2, 3, etc. You will retrieve an assortment of pictures in terms of quality but this should allow you to select suitable material for teaching, preaching or general illustration. This older work is a compilation of sermons, notes, illustrations from a variety of preachers and expositors. Cyril Barber - Although dated archaeologically and historically, Bush more than makes up for these deficiencies with his enriching comments on the text, sidelights drawn from his thorough knowledge of the Arab culture, and devotional application.

He did not always interpret Scripture literally and so was amillennial to quote Clarke on years - " I am satisfied that this period should not be taken literally " [ see comment on Rev He was influential in development of doctrine of Entire Sanctification or "Christian perfection".

Clarke did affirm the authority and sufficiency of Scripture, but held a belief of "plenary dynamic inspiration" idea of every thought inspired , thus falling short of "plenary verbal inspiration" every single word inspired Bib. Vol , p , In summary, a useful, respected commentary but as with all extra-Biblical resources you are advised to "Be a Berean! Laypeople can find it still valuable today.

It is Arminian in viewpoint and thus helpful, for example, in showing the reader how this approach deals with texts involving the eternal security question. The work contains much background material from many sources on all books of the Bible. C H Spurgeon adds that "Adam Clarke is the great annotator of our Wesleyan friends; and they have no reason to be ashamed of him, for he takes rank among the chief of expositors. His mind was evidently fascinated by the singularities of learning, and hence his commentary is rather too much of an old curiosity shop, but it is filled with valuable rarities, such as none but a great man could have collected.

Like Gill , he is one-sided, only in the opposite direction to our friend the Baptist. The use of the two authors may help to preserve the balance of your judgments. If you consider Clarke wanting in unction, do not read him for savor but for criticism, and then you will not be disappointed. The author thought that lengthy reflections were rather for the preacher than the commentator, and hence it was not a part of his plan to write such observations as those which endear Matthew Henry to the million. If you have a copy of Adam Clarke, and exercise discretion in reading it, you will derive immense advantage from it , for frequently by a sort of side-light he brings out the meaning of the text in an astonishingly novel manner.

I do not wonder that Adam Clarke still stands, notwithstanding his peculiarities, a prince among commentators. I do not find him so helpful as Gill, but still, from his side of the question, with which I have personally no sympathy, he is an important writer, and deserves to be studied by every reader of the Scriptures. He very judiciously says of Dr. Lectures to my Students, Vol. Cyril Barber - First published in Candlish highlights the doctrinal issues as well as the biographical features contained in this portion of God's Word.

In spite of its age, this remains one of the best works for pastors. There are 72 chapters in lecture form. Candlish believes in a young earth but alas, the universal fatherhood of God. His work is often helpful in spite of some peculiarities, but not nearly as beneficial as many works since. Commentaries for Biblical Expositors: An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Works.

Virtually Verse by Verse More than pages of in depth preaching, functions almost like a commentary. James Rosscup writes that "This is a helpful old set of for laypeople and pastors to have because it usually comments at least to some degree on problems. Though terse, it provides something good on almost any passage, phrase by phrase and is to some degree critical in nature.

Especially in its multi-volume form this is one of the old evangelical works that offers fairly solid though brief help on many verses" Commentaries for Biblical Expositors: C H Spurgeon writes "Of this I have a very high opinion. It is the joint work of Mr. Provides an excellent treatment of the period from Abraham to Joseph. Deserving of careful reading. James Rosscup writes that "The author holds to the Documentary Hypothesis but d oes not deny the uniqueness of Genesis or minimize the significance and authority of its message.

He is careful in the Hebrew and deals with the problems, providing much to aid the expositor. Warren Wiersbe one of the more esteemed modern evangelical commentators writes: It takes up less space than the original fifty-volume set, and not everything in the original set is worth owning. Barber - This set, originally published in , contains expositions by both conservative and liberal theologians.

James Rosscup writes that "This dispensationally oriented work is not verse-by-verse, but deals with the exposition on a broader scale, treating blocks of thought within the chapters. Loizeaux, , the Annotated Bible revised. The author was a popular evangelical Bible teacher of the first part of the century, much like H. Ironside in his diligent but broad, practical expositions of Bible books.

Gaebelein was premillennial and dispensational, and editor for many years of Our Hope Magazine. C H Spurgeon -- "Beyond all controversy, John Gill was one of the most able Hebraists of his day, and in other matters no mean proficient His great work on the Holy Scriptures is greatly prized at the present day by the best authorities, which is conclusive evidence of its value, since the set of the current of theological thought is quite contrary to that of Dr. No one in these days is likely to be censured for his Arminianism , but most modern divines affect to sneer at anything a little too highly Calvinistic see Calvinism: His ultraism is discarded, but his learning is respected: Say what you will about that lore, it has its value: Gill was a master cinder-sifter among the Targums , the Talmuds , the Mishnah , and the Gemara.

He was always at work; it is difficult to say when he slept, for he wrote 10, folio pages of theology. The portrait of him which belongs to this church, and hangs in my private vestry, and from which all the published portraits have been engraved, represents him after an interview with an Arminian gentleman, turning up his nose in a most expressive manner, as if he could not endure even the smell of free-will. In some such a vein he wrote his commentary. He hunts Arminianism throughout the whole of it.

He is far from being so interesting and readable as Matthew Henry. He delivered his comments to his people from Sabbath to Sabbath, hence their peculiar mannerism. This is an easy method, gentlemen, of filling up the time, if you are ever short of heads for a sermon. Show your people firstly, secondly, and thirdly, what the text does not mean, and then afterwards you can go back and show them what it does mean.

It may be thought, however, that one such a teacher is enough, and that what was tolerated from a learned doctor would be scouted in a student fresh from college. For good, sound, massive, sober sense in commenting, who can excel Gill? Very seldom does he allow himself to be run away with by imagination, except now and then when he tries to open up a parable, and finds a meaning in every circumstance and minute detail; or when he falls upon a text which is not congenial with his creed, and hacks and hews terribly to bring the word of God into a more systematic shape.

Gill is the Coryphaeus the leader of the Greek chorus and thus the leader of any movement of Hyper-Calvinism , but if his followers never went beyond their master, they would not go very far astray. James Rosscup adds that "Gill — , a pastor of England, wrote these which are two-column pages, ca. He also wrote Body of Divinity, 3 volumes, and several other volumes. His commentary is evangelical, wrestles with texts, is often wordy and not to the point but with worthy things for the patient who follow the ponderous detail and fish out slowly what his interpretation of a text is. He feels the thousand years in Revelation 20 cannot begin until after the conversion of the Jews and the bringing in of the fullness of the Gentiles and destruction of all anti-Christian powers volume 6, p.

He feels the group that gathers against the holy city at the end of the thousand years is the resurrected wicked dead from the four quarters of the earth i. A Devotional Commentary London: Religious Tract Society - James Rosscup rates this as the 1 devotional commentary on Genesis. Rosscup writes "the notes by W. This work is good in tracing the argument and showing connections between chapters. It is usually quite good devotionally and gives suggestions for meditation at the ends of the chapters. Applications are often usable.

It is an excellent book to put into the hands of a layman who is not ready to grapple with the minutia of exegesis, but who is serious about his Bible study. It is also good for the preacher and teacher. Since it is out of print, readers must search in other places for it. James Rosscup writes that "This is the best older, overall treatment of a critical nature on the Old Testament Hebrew text verse by verse and is a good standard work to buy. The student can buy parts or the whole of this series.

Sometimes it is evangelical, at other times liberal ideas enter. C H Spurgeon -- "A work for the learned. It has received the highest commendations from competent scholars. But it is somewhat dull and formal. Cyril Barber - this work concentrates on the spiritual significance of the lives of those mentioned by Moses in his first book. See also Amazon book reviews.

Click for warnings about Typological Interpretation. C H Spurgeon writes that this work is "not exactly a commentary, but what marvelous expositions you have there! You have reading more interesting than any novel that was ever written, and as instructive as the heaviest theology. C H Spurgeon writes that The Pictorial Bible is "A work of art as well as learning" adding that if one "cannot visit the Holy Land, it is well for you that there is a work like the Pictorial Bible, in which the notes of the most observant travelers are arranged under the texts which they illustrate.

For the geography, zoology, botany, and manners and customs of Palestine, this will be your counselor and guide. Commenting and Commentaries; Lectures Addressed to the students of the Pastors' College, Metropolitan Tabernacle This resource is in one sense somewhat antiquated, but in another sense is timeless with well numerous done illustrations that make the text spring off the page when you read words like " balm of Gilead pix ".

It's pages beckon the reader to tarry a moment and peruse the interesting comments on subjects that might otherwise be quite foreign to readers of a western culture and mindset. Rosscup notes that "The treatments of books within this evangelical set vary in importance. Generally, one finds a wealth of detailed commentary, background, and some critical and exegetical notes. Often, however, there is much excess verbiage that does not help particularly. On the other hand, it usually has something to assist the expositor on problems and is a good general set for pastors and serious lay people though it is old.

James Rosscup notes that "In this very thorough, monumental work on Genesis, the author is conservative and uses the original Hebrew constantly. He considers carefully most major truths of the book and uses the grammatical-historical method. This is one of the most valuable works to have on Genesis. It came out originally in What the Bible teaches — Much detail, and loyal to the high view of Scripture.

Some very good insights. Rosscup rates Leupold's commentary as the fifth best detailed exegetical commentary of all time on the book of Genesis. Be aware that Leupold is amillennial. Mackintosh, a Plymouth Brethren, was a gifted teacher and writer. D L Moody said that " it was C. Mackintosh who had the greatest influence " upon his learning of the Word of God. One of his most respected works was Notes on the Pentateuch. Further biographical Note - Another format - Genesis ; Genesis James Rosscup has a relevant note on Mackintosh's work on the Pentateuch writing that "This is a one-volume edition of an old evangelical devotional work Genesis to Deuteronomy, Notes on the Pentateuch.

It has some value at times, especially for lay readers, yet is not to the point as much with pertinent material as W. The Obedience of Faith - click for all chapters below on one file. James Rosscup writes that "This evangelical work is both homiletical and expository and is often very good homiletically but weaker otherwise. Helpful in discussing Bible characters, it is weak in prophecy at times because of allegorization. It is not really as valuable today as many other sets for the serious Bible student. The expositions are in the form of sermons..

Many of these devotionals begin with excellent illustrations. Here is an example from Genesis 1: He believed that creation would be like a fingerprint, revealing key aspects of the character of the Creator. In making a classification system, he was only discovering an order that was already there. See also link with list of over mentions of Genesis on Gracegems. Rosscup notes that "Driver was a careful scholar and aids the expositor in understanding the meanings of difficult phrases It helps on problems, though Driver was liberal.

Rosscup comments on Murphy's style in his commentary on Exodus "This old evangelical work of pp. Murphy gives only his own comments, and only now and then any special help. The old writing style slows reading and takes longer to get to a point. Comments often point in a good direction but brevity hampers.

James Rosscup writes that "Morgan was an evangelical master at surveying a book and giving its message within a brief compass. He introduces each book with a chart giving an analysis and synthesis. Revell put it out in a one-volume form in As an aside G Campbell Morgan would read the book from which he planned to preach as many as 40 times till its related parts became clear in sections and paragraphs! Little wonder he was able to honestly entitle his work "The Analyzed Bible"! Dr Morris is one of the most well known creationist of modern times and thus his study Bible notes are fairly detailed in the book of Genesis.

Recommended to supplement your study of this foundational book of Truth regarding the beginnings of sin and of redemption for when sin abounded in Eden, grace abounded all the more! Of great importance for the scientific data that has been included in the author's exposition. Should be consulted by all who wish to be well-informed on the issues alluded to by Moses. NETBible notes are in the right panel.

You can also select the tab for "Constable's Notes. This is a very helpful feature. If you are not familiar with the great saint Charles Simeon see Dr John Piper's discussion of Simeon's life - you will want to read Simeon's sermons after meeting him! Trapp will be most valuable to men of discernment, to thoughtful men, to men who only want a start in a line of thought, and are then able to run alone.

Trapp excels in witty stories on the one hand, and learned allusions on the other. You will not thoroughly enjoy him unless you can turn to the original, and yet a mere dunce at classics will prize him. His writings remind me of himself: Jews of the first century accepted the Old Testament books they had as being accurate and authoritative ref.: Nourishment for the Wild Olive http: In order to provide sound reasons for the hope of Christ, we have a responsibility to understand what others believe so we don't caricature their beliefs or build straw man arguments The Apologetics of Evil: The download for free download for free.

They are not able to clearly define themselves. Christian apologetics is the defense of the Christian faith through the use of evidence and logical arguments. It offers arguments for the existence of God and specific arguments for the validity of Christianity , source: An Analysis download here http: Some Christians, in the manner of a con man, make many promises about God, as if we were God or we were deputized to make promises for God.

After 3 hours, you can be taken out and shot to death Beyond Bumper Sticker Ethics: An Introduction to Theories of Right and Wrong www. The authenticity of Christ isn't affected, until we verify that everybody who says that they're Christian really are. I carry an honors measure in Forensic Biology, and a Masters M.