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Amazon Music Stream millions of songs. As for Lenin's approval of Clausewitz, it probably stems from his obsession with the struggle for power. The whole Marxist conception of history is that of successive struggles for power, primarily between social classes. This was constantly applied by Lenin in a variety of contexts. Thus the entire history of philosophy appears in Lenin's writings as a vast struggle between "idealism" and "materialism". The fate of the socialist movement was to be decided by a struggle between the revolutionists and the reformers. Clausewitz's acceptance of the struggle for power as the essence of international politics must had impressed Lenin as starkly realistic.

Clausewitz directly influenced Mao Zedong, who read On War in and organised a seminar on Clausewitz for the Party leadership in Yan'an. Thus the "Clausewitzian" content in many of Mao's writings is not merely a regurgitation of Lenin but reflects Mao's study. The phrase fog of war derives from Clausewitz's stress on how confused warfare can seem while immersed within it. For Eisenhower, the age of nuclear weapons had made what was for Clausewitz in the early 19th century only a theoretical vision an all too real possibility in the midth century.

After , some theorists claimed that nuclear proliferation made Clausewitzian concepts obsolete after the 20th-century period in which they dominated the world. No two powers have used nuclear weapons against each other, instead using conventional means or proxy wars to settle disputes. If such a conflict did occur, presumably both combatants would be annihilated. Heavily influenced by the war in Vietnam and by antipathy to American strategist Henry Kissinger , the American biologist, musician, and game-theorist Anatol Rapoport argued in that a Clausewitzian view of war was not only obsolete in the age of nuclear weapons, but also highly dangerous as it promoted a "zero-sum paradigm" to international relations and a "dissolution of rationality" amongst decision-makers.

The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have seen many instances of state armies attempting to suppress insurgencies , terrorism , and other forms of asymmetrical warfare.


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Clausewitz did not focus solely on wars between countries with well-defined armies. One prominent critic of Clausewitz is the Israeli military historian Martin van Creveld.

Brighton's Jewels of Thoughts - Aphorisms, Maxims, Proverbs

In his book The Transformation of War , [37] Creveld argued that Clausewitz's famous "Trinity" of people, army, and government was an obsolete socio-political construct based on the state, which was rapidly passing from the scene as the key player in war, and that he Creveld had constructed a new "non-trinitarian" model for modern warfare.

Creveld's work has had great influence.

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Daniel Moran replied, 'The most egregious misrepresentation of Clausewitz's famous metaphor must be that of Martin van Creveld, who has declared Clausewitz to be an apostle of Trinitarian War, by which he means, incomprehensibly, a war of 'state against state and army against army,' from which the influence of the people is entirely excluded. Creveld's and Keegan's assault on Clausewitz's Trinity is not only a classic 'blow into the air,' i.

It is also a pointless attack on a concept that is quite useful in its own right. In any case, their failure to read the actual wording of the theory they so vociferously attack, and to grasp its deep relevance to the phenomena they describe, is hard to credit. Some have gone further and suggested that Clausewitz's best-known aphorism, that war is a continuation of policy by other means, is not only irrelevant today but also inapplicable historically. In military academies, schools, and universities worldwide, Clausewitz's literature is often mandatory reading. However, such ideas as Clausewitz and Lilienstern shared in common derived from a common influence, i.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the Paradox computer strategy games engine, see Clausewitz Engine. Portrait while in Prussian service, by Karl Wilhelm Wach. Prehistoric Ancient Post-classical Early modern Late modern industrial fourth-gen. Blitzkrieg Deep operation Maneuver Operational manoeuvre group. Military recruitment Conscription Recruit training Military specialism Women in the military Children in the military Transgender people and military service Sexual harassment in the military Conscientious objection Counter recruitment.

Arms industry Materiel Supply chain management. While von always lower case is part of the family name or territorial designation, not a first or middle name, if the noble is referred to by surname alone in English, use Schiller or Clausewitz or Goethe , not von Schiller , etc. The armed forces of every belligerent, whether of a single state or of an alliance of states, have a certain unity, and in that way, connection; but where connection is there come in analogies of the centre of gravity.

There are, therefore, in these armed forces certain centres of gravity, the movement and direction of which decide upon other points, and these centres of gravity are situated where the greatest bodies of troops are assembled. But just as, in the world of inert matter, the action against the centre of gravity has its measure and limits in the connection of the parts, so it is in war, and here as well as there the force exerted may easily be greater than the resistance requires, and then there is a blow in the air, a waste of force.

Retrieved July 9, McGill Queen's University Press, http: Howard, Michael ; Paret, Peter, eds. On War [ Vom Krieg ] Indexed ed. Oxford University Press, Retrieved 7 January Three Phases in the History of Grand Strategy". Journal of Military History. Basic Texts in International Relations: The Evolution of Ideas about International Society.


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    Knopf, , passim. See massive Clausewitz bibliographies in English, French, German, etc. The Strange Persistence of Trinitarian Warfare. McGill Queen's University Press, pp. German Military Thinkers before the Great War. A Very Short Introduction ]. A Polemic ," War in History , November , pp.

    Strategic thought and practice from Vietnam to Iraq. Clausewitz in His Time: New York and Oxford: The Handmaid's Tale Contemporary Classics. The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. To get the free app, enter mobile phone number. See all free Kindle reading apps.

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    Don't have a Kindle? Product details Reading level: Penguin UK 31 December Language: What other items do customers buy after viewing this item? Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a product review. Showing of 1 reviews. Top Reviews Most recent Top Reviews. There was a problem filtering reviews right now.

    Please try again later. It took me a while to complete reading the book but I'm happy with it. I'd recommend it to everyone. Most helpful customer reviews on Amazon. The Book of Disquiet, written by Fernando Pessoa, a Portuguese poet, is considered an early classic of existential writing. And so it falls to each of us stare unflinching into the void, steady our nerves, and then get busy creating and maintaining a consistent sense of meaning to guide and sustain our lives.

    Pessoa explores these themes in a unique, memorable and effective way. Apparently, he wrote using a variety of pseudonyms — or semi heteronyms, whatever that means, according to the foreword — both as an artistic statement and, I presume, as a means of putting some space between his writing and his own filters and experiences. The guiding force is page after page of Soares — uneasy that he is even alive — thinking about what it means to think, to feel, to live, to exist and to work. It is a disquieting exploration of what it means to be human, and what it means to exist, from someone who seems almost disappointed that he is human and does exist.

    Soares is content to move through life — his own and the world around him — as a reluctant observer, focused on his own reactions to reacting, and grounded in his experiences of experiencing, his own feelings at feeling, with only his incomplete senses serving as a somewhat reliable source of truth in a world billowing with half truths.

    And that truth, for him, is that even with only the most fleeting of closer looks, life is absurd and those of who stride boldly through the world with a sense of purpose are mistaken and misguided.

    octobre – Eric Tistounet

    It was a grinding slog, reading the musings of a created man constantly questioning what it means to be human, and finding the answer in his ability to find no answers. For me, no other author has so successfully captured the disorienting liberty of existentialism. In modern life the world belongs to the stupid, the insensitive and the disturbed. I envy in everyone the fact that they are not me.

    What would become of the world if we were human? If man really felt, there would be no civilization.