Religion and the Making of Modern East Asia (New Approaches to Asian History)

Worship of nature deities and ancestors is common in popular Taoism, while professional Taoists put an emphasis on internal alchemy. The Tao is never an object of worship, being treated more like the Indian concept of atman. Confucianism is a complex system of moral, social, political, and religious thought, influential in the history of East Asia. It is commonly associated with legalism , but actually rejects legalism for ritualism. Confucian ethics focus on familial duty, loyalty and humaneness.

Confucianism recognises the existence of ancestral spirits and deities, advocating paying them proper respect. Neo-Confucianism was developed in reaction to Taoism and Chan Buddhism. It was formulated during the Song dynasty , but its roots may be traced to scholars of the Tang dynasty.

Religion and the making of modern East Asia

It draw Buddhist religious concepts and Taoist yin yang theory, as well as the Yijing , and placed them within the framework of classic Confucianism. Despite Neo-Confucianism's incorporation of elements of Buddhism and Taoism, its apologists still decried both faiths. New Confucianism is a modernist Confucianism, which accommodates modern science and democratic ideals, while remaining conservative in preserving traditional Neo-Confucianist positions.

The influence of New Confucianism prompted since Deng Xiaoping became the leader of China in and helped cultural exchanges between China and Taiwan. Shintoism is the ethnic religion of Japan. Shinto literally means "Way of the Gods". Shinto practitioners commonly affirm tradition, family, nature, cleanliness and ritual observation as core values. Taoist influence is significant in their beliefs about nature and self-mastery.

Ritual cleanliness is a central part of Shinto life. The concepts of Tao and de are shared by both Taoism and Confucianism. However, secular scholars usually consider Laozi and Zhuangzi to have been mythological figures.

Early Taoist texts reject Confucian emphasis on rituals and order, in favour of an emphasis on "wild" nature and individualism. Historical Taoists challenged conventional morality, while Confucians considered society debased and in need of strong ethical guidance. The entry of Buddhism into China from India was marked by interaction and syncretism with Taoism in particular.

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During the same time, Chan Buddhism grew to become the largest sect in Chinese Buddhism. The Buddha's " Dharma " seemed alien and amoral to conservative and Confucian sensibilities. Ideological and political rivals for centuries, Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism deeply influenced one another. All three embraced a humanist philosophy emphasising moral behavior and human perfection. In time, most Chinese people identified to some extent with all three traditions simultaneously.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Tao and De Chinese. Translated by Frank A. Taoism and Chinese Religion. University of Massachusetts, A Comparative Sociology of World Religions: Universism a Key to the Study of Taoism and Confucianism. University of Michigan Press. Translated by Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. Shinto — A Short History. An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths. Official and Popular Religion: Analysis of a Theme for Religious Studies. Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality.

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